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African-American representation in Hollywood
'The presence of African Americans in major motion picture roles has been a conversation since Hattie McDaniel played Mammy, the house servant, in ''Gone with the Wind''. "Through most of the 20th century, images of African-Americans in advertising were mainly limited to servants like the pancake-mammy Aunt Jemima and Rastus, the chef on the Cream of Wheat box." The roles the African-American community are generally offered usually fall into three themes; a tale of rags to riches, thug life, or segregation. "Many researchers argue that media portrayals of minorities tend to reflect whites' attitudes toward minorities and, therefore, reveal more about whites themselves than about the varied and lived experiences of minorities", and though these are one group's (white peoples) opinions it still seems to dominate mainstream media.
Even in today’s movies the roles for an African-American performer fall under similar typecast roles, the biggest movie with African-American leads in 2011 was ''The Help''. In the 2012 Academy Awards ''The Help'' was nominated for several categories: Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role Octavia Spencer also nominated for the same category was Jessica Chastain, Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role Viola Davis, and Best Motion Picture of the Year. The movie walked away with one win for Best Supporting Actress Octavia Spencer, leaving Viola Davis to lose to Meryl Streep, a 14-time nominee and three-time winner. Octavia Spencer was the only African American to win an award that night, which for the Academy Awards is not a rare occasion.
==Neglect from the Academy Awards==
2012 marked the Academy Awards' 84th anniversary, and through 84 years, only a handful of African Americans have been nominated and fewer have walked away with the golden statue. Other than Octavia Spencer's most recent win, it has been three years since another African American has graced the Oscar stage. Some speculate that the lack of ethnic wins at Hollywood's most prestigious awards is because most of the voters are older white men. It seems as though unless the African American actors and actresses are willing to bend to Hollywood pressures they will not be acknowledged by the Academy. "Sidney Poitier originally turned down the role of Porgy in the 1959 film (calling it 'not material complimentary to black people')", but eventually succumbed to Hollywood pressure. Years later, Poitier received an honorary 2010 Academy Award for helping to "dismantle the color line in film."
In 1988 during Eddie Murphy's (who was nominated in 2007) presentation of the Best Picture category, Murphy gave an impromptu speech on how he felt that the Academy Awards were racist, stating only three black people had won the award. There are many speculations on why Eddie Murphy lost the award in 2007 to Alan Arkin, one being that Murphy made the blockbuster bust ''Norbit''. Others speculate that it is due to Murphy's comments from 1988. "The troubling thing is that the only two black actors in this year’s Oscar competition are cast as domestics, and would probably not have found meaty, starring roles in other films had they passed on “The Help.” This brings to mind the first black Oscar winner, Hattie McDaniel, who received the award in 1940 for her portrayal of the loyal maid in “Gone With the Wind.”〔 "When criticized for often playing a mammy on film, Ms. McDaniel famously said she would rather play a maid in the movies than be one."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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